42 Indian languages heading towards extinction

                     42 languages or dialects in India are considered to be endangered and are believed to be heading towards extinction as only few thousand people speak them. According to report of Census Directorate, there are 22 scheduled languages and 100 non-scheduled languages in country, which are spoken by number of people — one lakh or more.
There 42 languages are spoken by fewer than 10,000 people.  A list prepared by UNESCO also has mentioned them as critically endangered languages. The Central Institute of Indian Languages (CIIL), Mysore is working for protection and preservation of these languages under central scheme Protection and Preservation of Endangered Languages of India.

 42 endangered languages or dialects include
           States                                                   Endangered languages
Andaman and Nicobar Islands (11)                Great Andamanese, Jarawa,                                                                             Lamongse, Luro, Muot, Onge, Pu,                                                                     Sanenyo, Sentilese, Shompen 
                                                                   and Takahanyilang
Manipur (7)                                                   Aimol, Aka, Koiren, Lamgang,                                                                          Langrong, Purum and Tarao.
 Himachal Pradesh (4)                                    Baghati, Handuri, Pangvali and                                                                        Sirmaudi.                  
Odisha (3)                                                     Manda, Parji and Pengo
Karnataka (2)                                                 Koraga and Kuruba. 
Andhra Pradesh (2)                                       Gadaba and Naiki.
Tamil Nadu (2)                                               Kota and Toda.
Arunachal Pradesh (2)                                    Mra and Na. 
Assam (2)                                                     Tai Nora and Tai Rong.
Uttarakhand (1)                                             Bangani.
Jharkhand (1)                                                Birhor
Maharashtra (1)                                             Nihali.
Meghalaya (1)                                               Ruga. 
West Bengal                                                  Toto

 Background

  According UNESCO, promoting idea of language is an inalienable cultural right. It has already built it into charter of sustainable development goals (SGDs). India is a formal signatory to charter.  It is the state’s obligation to secure and protect the community’s right to its language.
From 1971 onwards, the Census is disclosing names only of those languages which have more than 10,000 speakers. It has resulted decline in list of languages to 108 languages in 1971 Census, as against the 1,652 a decade ago. The 2001 language data from Census have mixed list of 22 scheduled and hundred other languages. The 2011 Census data have been not disclosed yet.

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